from machine import Pin, Timer, deepsleep
import ujson, time

# Non-blocking timer (callback every 500 ms)
led = Pin(25, Pin.OUT)
tim = Timer()
tim.init(freq=2, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=lambda t: led.toggle())

# Interrupt on button press
btn = Pin(14, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)
def on_press(pin):
    print('Pressed!')
btn.irq(trigger=Pin.IRQ_FALLING, handler=on_press)

# File I/O
with open('data.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('Hello\n')
with open('data.txt', 'a') as f:
    f.write('World\n')
with open('data.txt') as f:
    print(f.read())

# JSON config
config = {'ssid': 'MyWiFi', 'threshold': 25.0}
with open('config.json', 'w') as f:
    ujson.dump(config, f)
with open('config.json') as f:
    cfg = ujson.load(f)

# Deep sleep for 10 seconds (very low power)
deepsleep(10000)  # milliseconds -- device restarts on wake

# code.py -- runs automatically on boot
import board, digitalio, analogio, time

# LED
led = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.LED)
led.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT

# Button with pull-up
btn = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.GP14)
btn.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
btn.pull = digitalio.Pull.UP

# Analogue input
adc = analogio.AnalogIn(board.GP26)

while True:
    led.value = not btn.value   # Mirror button state
    volts = adc.value * 3.3 / 65535
    print(f'Button: {btn.value}  ADC: {volts:.3f} V')
    time.sleep(0.1)

# Install libraries:
# Option 1: copy .mpy files to /lib/ on CIRCUITPY drive
# Option 2: use circup (pip install circup)
#   circup install adafruit_ssd1306
#   circup install adafruit_dht
#   circup install neopixel

// Non-blocking blink using millis()
const int LED = 13;
unsigned long lastToggle = 0;
const long INTERVAL = 500;  // ms
bool ledState = false;

void setup() {
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - lastToggle >= INTERVAL) {
    lastToggle = now;
    ledState = !ledState;
    digitalWrite(LED, ledState);
  }
  // Other code here -- runs without blocking
}

// Running average (smoothed ADC reads)
const int SAMPLES = 10;
int readings[SAMPLES] = {0};
int idx = 0;
long total = 0;

int smoothRead(int pin) {
  total -= readings[idx];
  readings[idx] = analogRead(pin);
  total += readings[idx];
  idx = (idx + 1) % SAMPLES;
  return total / SAMPLES;
}

// Non-blocking state machine example
enum State { IDLE, RUNNING, DONE };
State state = IDLE;

void loop() {
  switch (state) {
    case IDLE:    /* wait for trigger */  break;
    case RUNNING: /* do work */           break;
    case DONE:    state = IDLE;           break;
  }
}

# MicroPython -- mip (requires WiFi)
import mip
mip.install('umqtt.simple')
mip.install('ssd1306')
mip.install('bme280')

# mpremote -- manage Pico from PC
pip install mpremote
mpremote connect /dev/ttyACM0   # connect
mpremote cp myfile.py :          # copy to root
mpremote cp myfile.py :/lib/     # copy to lib
mpremote run myfile.py           # run without saving
mpremote mip install bme280      # install package
mpremote ls                      # list files on device

# circup -- CircuitPython
pip install circup
circup install adafruit_ssd1306
circup install neopixel
circup update                    # update all

# Arduino CLI
arduino-cli lib install 'Adafruit BME280 Library'
arduino-cli lib install 'ArduinoJson'
arduino-cli lib list              # installed libraries